Njengoba sazi, kunezindinganiso eziningi zobuchwepheshe zokulinganisa izigaba zezivalo zikagesi nokuthi zimelana kangakanani nokugwema izinto ezithile.Izilinganiso ze-NEMA nezilinganiso ze-IP izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuchaza amadigri okuvikela ezintweni ezifana namanzi nothuli, nakuba zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zokuhlola namapharamitha ukuze zichaze izinhlobo zazo zokuvaleka.Zombili ziyizilinganiso ezifanayo, kodwa zisenomehluko othile.
Umbono we-NEMA ubhekisele ku-National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) okuyinhlangano enkulu yohwebo yabakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi e-Washington DC, e-United States.Ishicilela amazinga angaphezu kuka-700, imihlahlandlela, namaphepha obuchwepheshe.I-Marjory of standards yileyo yezindawo ezivalekile zikagesi, izinjini kanye nentambo kazibuthe, amapulagi e-AC, nezinto zokwamukela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixhumi ze-NEMA azitholakali nje kuphela eNyakatho Melika kodwa futhi zisetshenziswa namanye amazwe.Iphuzu liwukuthi i-NEMA inhlangano engazibandakanyi ekugunyazweni nasekuqinisekisweni kwemikhiqizo.Izilinganiso ze-NEMA zethula ikhono eliqinile lendawo ebiyelwe ukumelana nezimo ezithile zemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, ukuhambisana, nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo kagesi.Izilinganiso azijwayelekile zisetshenziswa kumadivayisi eselula futhi zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezivalekile ezingashintshi.Isibonelo, isilinganiso se-NEMA sizosetshenziswa ebhokisini likagesi elingashintshi elifakwe ngaphandle, noma indawo evalekile engashintshi esetshenziselwa ukubeka indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo.Iningi lezindawo ezivalekile zilinganiselwe ukusetshenziswa endaweni engaphandle zibandakanya isilinganiso se-NEMA 4.Amaleveli asuka ku-NEMA 1 ukuya ku-NEMA 13. Izilinganiso ze-NEMA (Isithasiselo I) zinezimfuneko eziqinile ezihlukahlukene ukuze zivumelane nokuvikelwa eqhweni langaphandle, izinto ezonakalisayo, ukucwiliswa kukawoyela, uthuli, amanzi, njll. Lezi zidingo zokuhlola azivamile ukusetshenziswa amadivaysi eselula uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo angashintshiwe.
I-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) yinhlangano yamazinga yamazwe ngamazwe elungiselela futhi ishicilele izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zobuchwepheshe bukagesi, i-elekthronikhi, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene.Amazinga e-IEC ahlanganisa uhla olukhulu lobuchwepheshe kusukela ekuphehleni ugesi, ukudluliswa kwamandla, kanye nokufaka isandla ezintweni zokusebenza zasehhovisi nasezimpahleni zasendlini, ama-semiconductors, amabhethri, namandla elanga, njll. I-IEC iphinde isebenzise izinhlelo ezi-4 zokuhlola ukuhambisana komhlaba wonke eziqinisekisa ukuthi impahla, uhlelo, noma izingxenye zihambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.Elinye lamazinga asebenzayo abizwa ngokuthi i-Ingress Protection (IP) Code ichazwa yi-IEC standard 60529 ehlukanisa futhi ilinganise izinga lokuvikela elihlinzekwa amabhokisi omshini kanye nezivalo zikagesi ekungeneni, uthuli, ukuthintana ngengozi, namanzi.Iqukethe izinombolo ezinamadijithi amabili.Idijithi yokuqala ibonisa izinga lokuvikela elihlinzekwa indawo ebiyelwe ngokufinyelela ezingxenyeni eziyingozi njengezingxenye ezihambayo, namaswishi.Futhi, ukufinyelela kwezinto eziqinile kuzokwethulwa njengezinga ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-6. Idijithi yesibili ikhombisa izinga lokuvikela indawo ebiyelwe elihlinzeka ngayo ekungeneni kwamanzi okuyingozi okungaqinisekiswa izinga ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-8. Uma kukhona asikho isidingo esizocaciswa kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo, uhlamvu X luzothathelwa indawo inombolo ehambisanayo.
Ngokusekelwe olwazini olungenhla, siyazi ukuthi i-NEMA ne-IP ziyizilinganiso ezimbili zokuvikela indawo ebiyelwe.Umehluko phakathi kwezilinganiso ze-NEMA nezilinganiso ze-IP lezo zokuqala ezihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kweqhwa langaphandle, izinto ezonakalisayo, ukucwiliswa kukawoyela, uthuli, namanzi, kuyilapho lokhu okulandelayo kufaka kuphela ukuvikelwa kothuli namanzi.Kusho ukuthi i-NEMA imboza izindinganiso zokuvikela ezengeziwe ezifana nezinto zokugqwala ku-IP.Ngamanye amazwi, akukho ukuguqulwa okuqondile phakathi kwabo.Amazinga e-NEMA anelisekile noma eqa izilinganiso ze-IP.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilinganiso ze-IP azihlangabezani nezindinganiso ze-NEMA, njengoba i-NEMA ihlanganisa izici ezengeziwe zomkhiqizo nokuhlola okunganikezwa isistimu yokulinganisa ye-IP.Emkhakheni wohlelo lokusebenza, i-NEMA inikezwa ngokujwayelekile ezinhlelweni zemboni futhi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, kanti izilinganiso ze-IP zingamboza isethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza emhlabeni jikelele.
Kafushane, kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi kwezilinganiso ze-NEMA nezilinganiso ze-IP.Noma kunjalo, lokhu kukhathaza uthuli namanzi.Nakuba kungenzeka ukuqhathanisa lezi zivivinyo ezimbili, ukuqhathanisa kuhlobene kuphela nokuvikelwa okunikezwa uthuli nomswakama.Abanye abakhiqizi bamadivayisi eselula bazofaka izilinganiso ze-NEMA ekucacisweni kwabo, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukucaciswa kwe-NEMA kuhlobana kanjani nezilinganiso zayo ze-IP.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-27-2022